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There are three types of so-called fundamental forms. The most important are the first and second (since the third can be expressed in terms of these). The fundamental forms ...

A Hadamard matrix is a type of square (-1,1)-matrix invented by Sylvester (1867) under the name of anallagmatic pavement, 26 years before Hadamard (1893) considered them. In ...

Finch (2010) gives an overview of known results for random Gaussian triangles. Let the vertices of a triangle in n dimensions be normal (normal) variates. The probability ...

A characterization of normal spaces with respect to the definition given by Kelley (1955, p. 112) or Willard (1970, p. 99). It states that the topological space X is normal ...

The Weingarten equations express the derivatives of the normal vector to a surface using derivatives of the position vector. Let x:U->R^3 be a regular patch, then the shape ...

The symbol tau (the lower case Greek letter tau) has many common uses in mathematics, as summarized in the following table. 1. tau(n) is an alternate notation for the divisor ...

The contact angle between a sphere and a tangent plane is the angle alpha between the normal to the sphere at the point of tangency and the basal plane with respect to which ...

A game in which the possible moves are the same for each player in any position. All positions in all impartial games form an additive Abelian group. For impartial games in ...

Given a plane ax+by+cz+d=0 (1) and a point x_0=(x_0,y_0,z_0), the normal vector to the plane is given by v=[a; b; c], (2) and a vector from the plane to the point is given by ...

An apodization function, also called the Hann function, frequently used to reduce leakage in discrete Fourier transforms. The illustrations above show the Hanning function, ...