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In 1750, Benjamin Franklin constructed the above 8×8 semimagic square having magic constant 260. Any half-row or half-column in this square totals 130, and the four corners ...

A polyare is a polyform formed from a polyomino by removing of half of each square such that at least half of the original join between squares is retained. The first few ...

The chord through a focus parallel to the conic section directrix of a conic section is called the latus rectum, and half this length is called the semilatus rectum (Coxeter ...

In particle physics, a spinor field of order 2s describes a particle of spin s, where s is an integer or half-integer. Therefore, a spinor of order 4s contains as much ...

The kernel of a group homomorphism f:G-->G^' is the set of all elements of G which are mapped to the identity element of G^'. The kernel is a normal subgroup of G, and always ...

Deciding whether a given Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form has an assignment that makes the formula "true." In 1971, Cook showed that the problem is NP-complete.

A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...

An auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second-highest bid. This variation over the normal bidding procedure is supposed to encourage bidders to bid the ...

A coordinate system (mu,nu,psi) defined by the coordinate transformation x = (munu)/((mu^2+nu^2)^2)cospsi (1) y = (munu)/((mu^2+nu^2)^2)sinpsi (2) z = ...

Let f(z) be an analytic function of z, regular in the half-strip S defined by a<x<b and y>0. If f(z) is bounded in S and tends to a limit l as y->infty for a certain fixed ...