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Let A be the area of a simply closed lattice polygon. Let B denote the number of lattice points on the polygon edges and I the number of points in the interior of the ...

The Gregory series is a pi formula found by Gregory and Leibniz and obtained by plugging x=1 into the Leibniz series, pi/4=sum_(k=1)^infty((-1)^(k+1))/(2k-1)=1-1/3+1/5-... ...

Successive application of Archimedes' recurrence formula gives the Archimedes algorithm, which can be used to provide successive approximations to pi (pi). The algorithm is ...

Binet's first formula for the log gamma function lnGamma(z), where Gamma(z) is a gamma function, is given by for R[z]>0 (Erdélyi et al. 1981, p. 21; Whittaker and Watson ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It uses weighting function W(x)=1 in the interval [-1,1] and forces all the weights to be equal. The ...

A root-finding algorithm also known as the tangent hyperbolas method or Halley's rational formula. As in Halley's irrational formula, take the second-order Taylor series ...

e^(i(ntheta))=(e^(itheta))^n. (1) From the Euler formula it follows that cos(ntheta)+isin(ntheta)=(costheta+isintheta)^n. (2) A similar identity holds for the hyperbolic ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_n=f(x_n). Then Durand's rule approximating the ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic sentential formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS, then a clause ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then a literal obtained from ...