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The Fibonacci number F_(n+1) gives the number of ways for 2×1 dominoes to cover a 2×n checkerboard, as illustrated in the diagrams above (Dickau). The numbers of domino ...

A Fermat prime is a Fermat number F_n=2^(2^n)+1 that is prime. Fermat primes are therefore near-square primes. Fermat conjectured in 1650 that every Fermat number is prime ...

Four-dimensional geometry is Euclidean geometry extended into one additional dimension. The prefix "hyper-" is usually used to refer to the four- (and higher-) dimensional ...

Hadjicostas's formula is a generalization of the unit square double integral gamma=int_0^1int_0^1(x-1)/((1-xy)ln(xy))dxdy (1) (Sondow 2003, 2005; Borwein et al. 2004, p. 49), ...

The identity matrix is a the simplest nontrivial diagonal matrix, defined such that I(X)=X (1) for all vectors X. An identity matrix may be denoted 1, I, E (the latter being ...

The Jordan matrix decomposition is the decomposition of a square matrix M into the form M=SJS^(-1), (1) where M and J are similar matrices, J is a matrix of Jordan canonical ...

A the (first, or internal) Kenmotu point, also called the congruent squares point, is the triangle center constructed by inscribing three equal squares such that each square ...

The m×n knight graph is a graph on mn vertices in which each vertex represents a square in an m×n chessboard, and each edge corresponds to a legal move by a knight (which may ...

Given a square complex or real matrix A, a matrix norm ||A|| is a nonnegative number associated with A having the properties 1. ||A||>0 when A!=0 and ||A||=0 iff A=0, 2. ...

A (general) octahedron is a polyhedron having eight faces. Examples include the 4-trapezohedron, augmented triangular prism (Johnson solid J_(49)), bislit cube, Dürer solid, ...