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A complete set of mutually conjugate group elements. Each element in a group belongs to exactly one class, and the identity element (I=1) is always in its own class. The ...

A double-toroidal graph is a graph with graph genus 2 (West 2000, p. 266). Planar and toroidal graphs are therefore not double-toroidal. Some known double-toroidal graphs on ...

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

A polygonal number and 6-polygonal number of the form n(2n-1). The first few are 1, 6, 15, 28, 45, ... (OEIS A000384). The generating function for the hexagonal numbers is ...

The inverse tangent integral Ti_2(x) is defined in terms of the dilogarithm Li_2(x) by Li_2(ix)=1/4Li_2(-x^2)+iTi_2(x) (1) (Lewin 1958, p. 33). It has the series ...

Odd values of Q(n) are 1, 1, 3, 5, 27, 89, 165, 585, ... (OEIS A051044), and occur with ever decreasing frequency as n becomes large (unlike P(n), for which the fraction of ...

A proof that is only based on visual elements, without any comments. An arithmetic identity can be demonstrated by a picture showing a self-evident equality between numerical ...

Let G be a finite, connected, undirected graph with graph diameter d(G) and graph distance d(u,v) between vertices u and v. A radio labeling of a graph G is labeling using ...

The regular dodecahedron, often simply called "the" dodecahedron, is the Platonic solid composed of 20 polyhedron vertices, 30 polyhedron edges, and 12 pentagonal faces, ...

A polyhedron is rigid if it cannot be continuously deformed into another configuration. A rigid polyhedron may have two or more stable forms which cannot be continuously ...