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A complex number z may be represented as z=x+iy=|z|e^(itheta), (1) where |z| is a positive real number called the complex modulus of z, and theta (sometimes also denoted phi) ...

A composite number n is a positive integer n>1 which is not prime (i.e., which has factors other than 1 and itself). The first few composite numbers (sometimes called ...

The Diffie-Hellman protocol is a method for two computer users to generate a shared private key with which they can then exchange information across an insecure channel. Let ...

If a complex function is analytic at all finite points of the complex plane C, then it is said to be entire, sometimes also called "integral" (Knopp 1996, p. 112). Any ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), a floating-point representation is an unencoded member of a floating-point format which represents either ...

A plane path on a set of equally spaced lattice points, starting at the origin, where the first step is one unit to the north or south, the second step is two units to the ...

There are two distinct entities both known as the Lagrange number. The more common one arises in rational approximation theory (Conway and Guy 1996), while the other refers ...

Using the notation of Byerly (1959, pp. 252-253), Laplace's equation can be reduced to (1) where alpha = cint_c^lambda(dlambda)/(sqrt((lambda^2-b^2)(lambda^2-c^2))) (2) = ...

Let s=1/(sqrt(2pi))[Gamma(1/4)]^2=5.2441151086... (1) (OEIS A064853) be the arc length of a lemniscate with a=1. Then the lemniscate constant is the quantity L = 1/2s (2) = ...

An operation on rings and modules. Given a commutative unit ring R, and a subset S of R, closed under multiplication, such that 1 in S, and 0 not in S, the localization of R ...