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The Dutch windmill graph D_3^((m)), also called a friendship graph, is the graph obtained by taking m copies of the cycle graph C_3 with a vertex in common (Gallian 2007), ...

Exponential decay is the decrease in a quantity N according to the law N(t)=N_0e^(-lambdat) (1) for a parameter t and constant lambda (known as the decay constant), where e^x ...

The number 1000000=10^6. While one million in the "American" system of numbers means the same thing as one million in the "British" system, the words billion, trillion, etc., ...

A mixed fraction is an improper fraction p/q>1 written in the form n+r/s. In common usage such as cooking recipes, n+r/s is often written as n r/s (e.g., 1 1/2), much to the ...

Given three curves phi_1, phi_2, phi_3 with the common group of ordinary points G (which may be empty), let their remaining groups of intersections g_(23), g_(31), and g_(12) ...

Direct sums are defined for a number of different sorts of mathematical objects, including subspaces, matrices, modules, and groups. The matrix direct sum is defined by ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings of ...

Draw three circles in the plane, none of which lies completely inside another, and the common external tangent lines for each pair. Then points of intersection of the three ...

A d-dimensional discrete percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d is said to be oriented if L is an oriented lattice. One common such model takes place on the ...

The term "rhombicosidodecahedron" is most commonly used (e.g., Wenninger 1989, p. 28; Maeder 1997. Model 27) to refer to the 62-faced Archimedean solid with faces ...