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The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...

The truncated pentakis dodecahedron is a polyhedron on 180 vertices, 270 edges, and 92 faces. Its canonical polyhedron has edges of three different lengths and faces ...

The real projective plane is the closed topological manifold, denoted RP^2, that is obtained by projecting the points of a plane E from a fixed point P (not on the plane), ...

An unfolding is the cutting along edges and flattening out of a polyhedron to form a net. Determining how to unfold a polyhedron into a net is tricky. For example, cuts ...

The contrapedal curve, also called a normal pedal curve, is defined analogously to a usual pedal curve with "tangent" replaced by "normal." In particular, the contrapedal ...

The point on the positive ray of the normal vector at a distance rho(s), where rho is the radius of curvature. It is given by z = x+rhoN (1) = x+rho^2(dT)/(ds), (2) where N ...

A topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. ...

The term "bundle" is an abbreviated form of the full term fiber bundle. Depending on context, it may mean one of the special cases of fiber bundles, such as a vector bundle ...

The word canonical is used to indicate a particular choice from of a number of possible conventions. This convention allows a mathematical object or class of objects to be ...

A constant function is function f(x)=c whose value does not change as its parameters vary. The function graph of a one-dimensional constant function is a straight line. The ...