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A k-matrix is a kind of cube root of the identity matrix (distinct from the identity matrix) which is defined by the complex matrix k=[0 0 -i; i 0 0; 0 1 0]. It satisfies ...

In Book IX of The Elements, Euclid gave a method for constructing perfect numbers (Dickson 2005, p. 3), although this method applies only to even perfect numbers. In a 1638 ...

An atlas is a collection of consistent coordinate charts on a manifold, where "consistent" most commonly means that the transition functions of the charts are smooth. As the ...

Solving the nome q for the parameter m gives m(q) = (theta_2^4(q))/(theta_3^4(q)) (1) = (16eta^8(1/2tau)eta^(16)(2tau))/(eta^(24)(tau)), (2) where theta_i(q)=theta_i(0,q) is ...

T-integration, which stands for "tunable numerical integration," is a fast, accurate, and numerically stable numerical integration formula given by ...

The idea of a velocity vector comes from classical physics. By representing the position and motion of a single particle using vectors, the equations for motion are simpler ...

A root of a polynomial P(z) is a number z_i such that P(z_i)=0. The fundamental theorem of algebra states that a polynomial P(z) of degree n has n roots, some of which may be ...

There are two definitions of the Fermat number. The less common is a number of the form 2^n+1 obtained by setting x=1 in a Fermat polynomial, the first few of which are 3, 5, ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...

The Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (EMLR), dates to the Middle Kingdom, and was purchased in Egypt in 1858 by Henry Rhind, near the time when the Rhind papyrus was ...