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The second singular value k_2, corresponding to K^'(k_2)=sqrt(2)K(k_2), (1) is given by k_2 = tan(pi/8) (2) = sqrt(2)-1 (3) k_2^' = sqrt(2)(sqrt(2)-1). (4) For this modulus, ...

A property that passes from a topological space to every subspace with respect to the relative topology. Examples are first and second countability, metrizability, the ...

A short theorem used in proving a larger theorem. Related concepts are the axiom, porism, postulate, principle, and theorem. The late mathematician P. Erdős has often been ...

On a Riemannian manifold M, there is a canonical connection called the Levi-Civita connection (pronounced lē-vē shi-vit-e), sometimes also known as the Riemannian connection ...

The Markov numbers m are the union of the solutions (x,y,z) to the Markov equation x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz, (1) and are related to Lagrange numbers L_n by L_n=sqrt(9-4/(m^2)). (2) ...

A root of a polynomial P(z) is a number z_i such that P(z_i)=0. The fundamental theorem of algebra states that a polynomial P(z) of degree n has n roots, some of which may be ...

A Proth number that is prime, i.e., a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. Factors of Fermat numbers are of this form as long as they ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

The Lester circle is the circle on which the circumcenter C, nine-point center N, and the first and second Fermat points X and X^' lie (Kimberling 1998, pp. 229-230). Besides ...

Model theory is a general theory of interpretations of axiomatic set theory. It is the branch of logic studying mathematical structures by considering first-order sentences ...