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A mathematical structure first introduced by Kolyvagin (1990) and defined as follows. Let T be a finite-dimensional p-adic representation of the Galois group of a number ...

The Feit-Thompson conjecture asserts that there are no primes p and q for which (p^q-1)/(p-1) and (q^p-1)/(q-1) have a common factor. Parker noticed that if this were true, ...

Let alpha_i and A_i be algebraic numbers such that the A_is differ from zero and the alpha_is differ from each other. Then the expression ...

Let G be a k-regular graph with girth 5 and graph diameter 2. (Such a graph is a Moore graph). Then, k=2, 3, 7, or 57. A proof of this theorem is difficult (Hoffman and ...

For every ring containing p spheres, there exists a ring of q spheres, each touching each of the p spheres, where 1/p+1/q=1/2, (1) which can also be written (p-2)(q-2)=4. (2) ...

The Littlewood conjecture states that for any two real numbers x,y in R, lim inf_(n->infty)n|nx-nint(nx)||ny-nint(ny)|=0 where nint(z) denotes the nearest integer function. ...

A number theoretic character, also called a Dirichlet character (because Dirichlet first introduced them in his famous proof that every arithmetic progression with relatively ...

The three circles theorem, also called Hadamard's three circles theorem (Edwards 2001, p. 187), states that if f is an analytic function in the annulus 0<r_1<|z|<r_2<infty, ...

The truncated square pyramid is a special case of a pyramidal frustum for a square pyramid. Let the base and top side lengths of the truncated pyramid be a and b, and let the ...

The prime link 05-0201, illustrated above, with braid word sigma_1^2sigma_2^2sigma_1^(-1)sigma_2^(-2) or sigma_1sigma_2^(-1)sigma_1sigma_2^(-2) and Jones polynomial ...