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An elliptic curve is the set of solutions to an equation of the form y^2+a_1xy+a_3y=x^3+a_2x^2+a_4x+a_6. (1) By changing variables, y->2y+a_1x+a_3, assuming the field ...

A Euclidean number is a number which can be obtained by repeatedly solving the quadratic equation. Euclidean numbers, together with the rational numbers, can be constructed ...

The general nonhomogeneous differential equation is given by x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+alphax(dy)/(dx)+betay=S(x), (1) and the homogeneous equation is x^2y^('')+alphaxy^'+betay=0 (2) ...

A univariate function f(x) is said to be even provided that f(x)=f(-x). Geometrically, such functions are symmetric about the y-axis. Examples of even functions include 1 ...

A factorion is an integer which is equal to the sum of factorials of its digits. There are exactly four such numbers: 1 = 1! (1) 2 = 2! (2) 145 = 1!+4!+5! (3) 40585 = ...

Let the squares square ABCD and square AB^'C^'D^' share a common polygon vertex A. The midpoints Q and S of the segments B^'D and BD^' together with the centers of the ...

Four line geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following three axioms: 1. there exist exactly four lines, 2. any two distinct lines have exactly one point of on both ...

A generalized eigenvector for an n×n matrix A is a vector v for which (A-lambdaI)^kv=0 for some positive integer k in Z^+. Here, I denotes the n×n identity matrix. The ...

A topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. ...

The energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its graph eigenvalues (i.e., the sum of its graph spectrum terms). Other varieties of graph energy are ...