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A function defined for all positive integers, sometimes also called an arithmetic function (Nagell 1951, p. 26) or number theoretic function (Wilf 1994, p. 58).

A set having the largest number k of distinct residue classes modulo m so that no subset has zero sum.

The Schnirelmann density of a set of nonnegative integers is the greatest lower bound of the fractions A(n)/n where A(n) is the number of terms in the set <=n.

A quadratic map is a quadratic recurrence equation of the form x_(n+1)=a_2x_n^2+a_1x_n+a_0. (1) While some quadratic maps are solvable in closed form (for example, the three ...

A plot of the map winding number W resulting from mode locking as a function of Omega for the circle map theta_(n+1)=theta_n+Omega-K/(2pi)sin(2pitheta_n) (1) with K=1. (Since ...

Carmichael's conjecture asserts that there are an infinite number of Carmichael numbers. This was proven by Alford et al. (1994).

Every "large" even number may be written as 2n=p+m where p is a prime and m in P union P_2 is the set of primes P and semiprimes P_2.

The number 2^(1/3)=RadicalBox[2, 3] (the cube root of 2) which is to be constructed in the cube duplication problem. This number is not a Euclidean number although it is an ...

The number of digits D in an integer n is the number of numbers in some base (usually 10) required to represent it. The numbers 1 to 9 are therefore single digits, while the ...

Let chi be a nonprincipal number theoretic character over Z/Zn. Then for any integer h, |sum_(x=1)^hchi(x)|<=2sqrt(n)lnn.