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A sphere with a single cross-cap. This term is more appropriate in purely topological applications than the more common term real projective plane, which implies the presence ...

Given two crossed ladders resting against two buildings, what is the distance between the buildings? Let the height at which they cross be h and the lengths of the ladders ...

A plane quartic curve also called the cross curve or policeman on point duty curve (Cundy and Rollett 1989). It is given by the implicit equation x^2y^2-b^2x^2-a^2y^2=0, (1) ...

A cryptographic hash function is most commonly one of the following: a one-way hash function, a collision-free hash function, a trapdoor one-way hash function, or a function ...

The science of adversarial information protection.

The Császár polyhedron is a polyhedron that is topologically equivalent to a torus which was discovered in the late 1940s by Ákos Császár (Gardner 1975). It has 7 polyhedron ...

Ueberhuber (1997, p. 71) and Krommer and Ueberhuber (1998, pp. 49 and 155-165) use the word "quadrature" to mean numerical computation of a univariate integral, and ...

Given the above figure (without looking at the figure below!), determine how to disengage the two slotted cube halves without cutting, breaking, or distorting. One possible ...

Cube point picking is the three-dimensional case of hypercube point picking. The average distance from a point picked at random inside a unit cube to the center is given by ...

Let phi(t) be the characteristic function, defined as the Fourier transform of the probability density function P(x) using Fourier transform parameters a=b=1, phi(t) = ...