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The term "porism" is an archaic type of mathematical proposition whose historical purpose is not entirely known. It is used instead of "theorem" by some authors for a small ...

A characterization of normal spaces with respect to the definition given by Kelley (1955, p. 112) or Willard (1970, p. 99). It states that the topological space X is normal ...

A distance graph with distance set (0,1].

A continuous-time stochastic process W(t) for t>=0 with W(0)=0 and such that the increment W(t)-W(s) is Gaussian with mean 0 and variance t-s for any 0<=s<t, and increments ...

The curlicue fractal is a figure obtained by the following procedure. Let s be an irrational number. Begin with a line segment of unit length, which makes an angle phi_0=0 to ...

If a is an arbitrary integer relatively prime to n and g is a primitive root of n, then there exists among the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., phi(n)-1, where phi(n) is the totient ...

The term "integral" can refer to a number of different concepts in mathematics. The most common meaning is the the fundamenetal object of calculus corresponding to summing ...

Szemerédi's theorem states that every sequence of integers that has positive upper Banach density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. A corollary states that, ...

The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...

The third prime number, which is also the second Fermat prime, the third Sophie Germain prime, and Fibonacci number F_4. It is an Eisenstein prime, but not a Gaussian prime, ...