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The eigenvector corresponding to the second smallest eigenvalue (i.e., the algebraic connectivity) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. The Fiedler vector is used in ...

A place nu of a number field k is an isomorphism class of field maps k onto a dense subfield of a nondiscrete locally compact field k_nu. In the function field case, let F be ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation (1-x^2)y^('')-2(mu+1)xy^'+(nu-mu)(nu+mu+1)y=0 (1) sometimes called the hyperspherical differential equation (Iyanaga and ...

A general quartic surface defined by x^4+y^4+z^4+a(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2+b(x^2+y^2+z^2)+c=0 (1) (Gray 1997, p. 314). The above two images correspond to (a,b,c)=(0,0,-1), and ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...

In the original formulation, a quantity associated with ideal class groups. According to Chevalley's formulation, a Grössencharakter is a multiplicative character of the ...

Let sigma(n) be the divisor function. Then lim sup_(n->infty)(sigma(n))/(nlnlnn)=e^gamma, where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. Ramanujan independently discovered a ...

The equations defined by q^. = (partialH)/(partialp) (1) p^. = -(partialH)/(partialq), (2) where p^.=dp/dt and q^.=dq/dt is fluxion notation and H is the so-called ...

There are two types of functions known as Hankel functions. The more common one is a complex function (also called a Bessel function of the third kind, or Weber Function) ...

The Hankel functions of the first kind are defined as H_n^((1))(z)=J_n(z)+iY_n(z), (1) where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Y_n(z) is a Bessel function of ...