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In predicate calculus, a universal formula is a prenex normal form formula (i.e., a formula written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables followed by a ...

A figure used in many Asian cultures to symbolize the unity of the two "opposite" female and male elements, the "yin" and "yang." The solid and hollow parts composing the ...

The mathematical golden rule states that, for any fraction, both numerator and denominator may be multiplied by the same number without changing the fraction's value.

A fraction a/b written in lowest terms, i.e., by dividing numerator and denominator through by their greatest common divisor (a,b). For example, 2/3 is the reduced fraction ...

The nearest integer function, also called nint or the round function, is defined such that nint(x) is the integer closest to x. While the notation |_x] is sometimes used to ...

A braid with M strands and R components with P positive crossings and N negative crossings satisfies |P-N|<=2U+M-R<=P+N, where U is the unknotting number. While the second ...

In the most commonly used convention (e.g., Apostol 1967, pp. 202-204), the first fundamental theorem of calculus, also termed "the fundamental theorem, part I" (e.g., Sisson ...

The number of partitions of n in which no parts are multiples of k is sometimes denoted b_k(n) (Gordon and Ono 1997). b_k(n) is also the number of partitions of n into at ...

The proof theories of propositional calculus and first-order logic are often referred to as classical logic. Intuitionistic propositional logic can be described as classical ...

The small rhombicuboctahedral graph is a quartic graph on 24 nodes and 48 edges that corresponds to the skeleton of the small rhombicuboctahedron. It has graph diameter 5, ...