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In order to find integers x and y such that x^2=y^2 (mod n) (1) (a modified form of Fermat's factorization method), in which case there is a 50% chance that GCD(n,x-y) is a ...

The dodecadodecahedron is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 36 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index 73 (Wenninger 1989), Coxeter index 45 (Coxeter et al. 1954), and Har'El ...

For a graph G and a subset S of the vertex set V(G), denote by N_G[S] the set of vertices in G which are in S or adjacent to a vertex in S. If N_G[S]=V(G), then S is said to ...

The Fibonacci number F_(n+1) gives the number of ways for 2×1 dominoes to cover a 2×n checkerboard, as illustrated in the diagrams above (Dickau). The numbers of domino ...

The Doob graph D(m,n) is the graph given by the graph Cartesian product of m>=1 copies of the Shrikhande graph with a Hamming graph H(n,4). Doob graphs are distance-regular ...

The dot product can be defined for two vectors X and Y by X·Y=|X||Y|costheta, (1) where theta is the angle between the vectors and |X| is the norm. It follows immediately ...

Dots and boxes is a two-person game based on a rectangular lattice of points. Each player, in turn, draws a horizontal or vertical line connecting two adjacent points. ...

A set of positive integers is double-free if, for any integer x, the set {x,2x} !subset= S (or equivalently, x in S implies 2x not in S). For example, of the subsets of ...

A double-toroidal graph is a graph with graph genus 2 (West 2000, p. 266). Planar and toroidal graphs are therefore not double-toroidal. Some known double-toroidal graphs on ...

If S_1, S_2, and S_3 are three conics having the property that there is a point X, not on any of the conics, lying on a common chord of each pair of the three conics (with ...