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The square-triangle theorem states that any nonnegative integer can be represented as the sum of a square, an even square, and a triangular number (Sun 2005), i.e., ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...

The successive square method is an algorithm to compute a^b in a finite field GF(p). The first step is to decompose b in successive powers of two, b=sum_(i)delta_i2^i, (1) ...

Picking two independent sets of points x and y from a unit uniform distribution and placing them at coordinates (x,y) gives points uniformly distributed over the unit square. ...

Square triangle picking is the selection of triples of points (corresponding to endpoints of a triangle) randomly placed inside a square. n random triangles can be picked in ...

The elongated square gyrobicupola nonuniform polyhedron obtained by rotating the bottom third of a small rhombicuboctahedron (Ball and Coxeter 1987, p. 137). It is also ...

The average number of regions N(n) into which n lines divide a square is N^_(n)=1/(16)n(n-1)pi+n+1 (Santaló 1976; Finch 2003, p. 481). The maximum number of sequences is ...

The square root method is an algorithm which solves the matrix equation Au=g (1) for u, with A a p×p symmetric matrix and g a given vector. Convert A to a triangular matrix ...

Integrals over the unit square arising in geometric probability are int_0^1int_0^1sqrt(x^2+y^2)dxdy=1/3[sqrt(2)+sinh^(-1)(1)] int_0^1int_0^1sqrt((x-1/2)^2+(y-1/2)^2)dxdy ...

The Baer differential equation is given by while the Baer "wave equation" is (Moon and Spencer 1961, pp. 156-157; Zwillinger 1997, p. 121).