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Surface area is the area of a given surface. Roughly speaking, it is the "amount" of a surface (i.e., it is proportional to the amount of paint needed to cover it), and has ...

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

The tractrix arises in the following problem posed to Leibniz: What is the path of an object starting off with a vertical offset when it is dragged along by a string of ...

A generalization of the p-adic norm first proposed by Kürschák in 1913. A valuation |·| on a field K is a function from K to the real numbers R such that the following ...

Two lattice points (x,y) and (x^',y^') are mutually visible if the line segment joining them contains no further lattice points. This corresponds to the requirement that ...

A weakly binary tree is a planted tree in which all nonroot graph vertices are adjacent to at most three graph vertices. Let g(z)=sum_(i=0)^inftyg_iz^i, (1) be the generating ...

The Young tableau (plural, "tableaux") of a Ferrers diagram is obtained by placing the numbers 1, ..., n in the n boxes of the diagram. A "standard" Young tableau is a Young ...

The term "arbelos" means shoemaker's knife in Greek, and this term is applied to the shaded area in the above figure which resembles the blade of a knife used by ancient ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

The Bessel functions of the first kind J_n(x) are defined as the solutions to the Bessel differential equation x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)+(x^2-n^2)y=0 (1) which are ...