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The characteristic function f(n)={1 n is prime; 0 n otherwise (1) of primes has values 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, ... (OEIS A010051) for n=1, 2, ...

The prime signature of a positive integer n is a sorted list of nonzero exponents a_i in the prime factorization n=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2).... By definition, the prime signature ...

An abundant number for which all proper divisors are deficient is called a primitive abundant number (Guy 1994, p. 46). The first few odd primitive abundant numbers are 945, ...

The principal branch of an analytic multivalued function, also called a principal sheet, is a single-valued "slice" (i.e., branch) of the function chosen that is for ...

The projective plane crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings with which the graph can be drawn on the real projective plane. A graph with projective ...

Proof theory, also called metamathematics, is the study of mathematics and mathematical reasoning (Hofstadter 1989) in a general and abstract sense itself. Instead of ...

An encoding which provides a bijection between the n^(n-2) labeled trees on n nodes and strings of n-2 integers chosen from an alphabet of the numbers 1 to n. A labeled tree ...

A typical vector (i.e., a vector such as the radius vector r) is transformed to its negative under inversion of its coordinate axes. Such "proper" vectors are known as polar ...

"Q.E.F.," sometimes written "QEF," is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "quod erat faciendum" ("that which was to be done"). It is a translation of the Greek words used by ...

Quinn et al. (2007) investigated a class of N coupled oscillators whose bifurcation phase offset had a conjectured asymptotic behavior of sinphi∼1-c_1/N, with an experimental ...