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Diophantus's riddle is a poem that encodes a mathematical problem. In verse, it read as follows: 'Here lies Diophantus,' the wonder behold. Through art algebraic, the stone ...

The direct product is defined for a number of classes of algebraic objects, including sets, groups, rings, and modules. In each case, the direct product of an algebraic ...

The term domain has (at least) three different meanings in mathematics. The term domain is most commonly used to describe the set of values D for which a function (map, ...

A letter of the alphabet drawn with doubled vertical strokes is called doublestruck, or sometimes blackboard bold (because doublestruck characters provide a means of ...

The elongated square gyrobicupola nonuniform polyhedron obtained by rotating the bottom third of a small rhombicuboctahedron (Ball and Coxeter 1987, p. 137). It is also ...

"Escher's solid" is the solid illustrated on the right pedestal in M. C. Escher's Waterfall woodcut (Bool et al. 1982, p. 323). It is obtained by augmenting a rhombic ...

Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

In general, an extremal graph is the largest graph of order n which does not contain a given graph G as a subgraph (Skiena 1990, p. 143). Turán studied extremal graphs that ...

A factor is a portion of a quantity, usually an integer or polynomial that, when multiplied by other factors, gives the entire quantity. The determination of factors is ...

The determination of a test for the equality of means for two normal distributions with different variances given samples from each. There exists an exact test which, ...