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The parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of vectors A and B. The sum A+B of the vectors is obtained by placing them head to tail and drawing the vector from ...

A permutation of n distinct, ordered items in which none of the items is in its original ordered position is known as a derangement. If some, but not necessarily all, of the ...

Let K be a number field and let O be an order in K. Then the set of equivalence classes of invertible fractional ideals of O forms a multiplicative Abelian group called the ...

A function is said to be piecewise constant if it is locally constant in connected regions separated by a possibly infinite number of lower-dimensional boundaries. The ...

A polyomino is a generalization of the domino to a collection of n squares of equal size arranged with coincident sides. Polyominos were originally called "super-dominoes" by ...

A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be positive lightlike if it has zero (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...

A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be positive timelike if it has imaginary (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...

The term "product" refers to the result of one or more multiplications. For example, the mathematical statement a×b=c would be read "a times b equals c," where a is called ...

A subfield which is strictly smaller than the field in which it is contained. The field of rationals Q is a proper subfield of the field of real numbers R which, in turn, is ...

A random polygon is a polygon generated in some random way. Kendall conjectured that the shape of a random polygon is close to a disk as the area of the polygon becomes large ...