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The evolute of the epicycloid x = (a+b)cost-bcos[((a+b)/b)t] (1) y = (a+b)sint-bsin[((a+b)/b)t] (2) is another epicycloid given by x = a/(a+2b){(a+b)cost+bcos[((a+b)/b)t]} ...

The involute of the epicycloid x = (a+b)cost-bcos[((a+b)/b)t] (1) y = (a+b)sint-bsin[((a+b)/b)t] (2) is another epicycloid given by x = (a+2b)/a{(a+b)cost+bcos[((a+b)/b)t]} ...

Consider a symmetric triangle wave T(x) of period 2L. Since the function is odd, a_0 = 0 (1) a_n = 0, (2) and b_n = (3) = (32)/(pi^2n^2)cos(1/4npi)sin^3(1/4npi) (4) = ...

The hacoversine, also known as the hacoversed sine and cohaversine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by hacoversin(z) = coversinz (1) = 1/2(1-sinz), (2) where ...

The following three pieces of information completely determine the homeomorphic type of a surface (Massey 1996): 1. Orientability, 2. Number of boundary components, 3. Euler ...

The identric mean is defined by I(a,b)=1/e((b^b)/(a^a))^(1/(b-a)) for a>0, b>0, and a!=b. The identric mean has been investigated intensively and many remarkable inequalities ...

An imaginary quadratic field is a quadratic field Q(sqrt(D)) with D<0. Special cases are summarized in the following table. D field members -1 Gaussian integer -3 Eisenstein ...

It is conjectured that every tree with e edges whose nodes are all trivalent or monovalent can be given a "magic" labeling such that the integers 1, 2, ..., e can be assigned ...

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, A-1/2p<N<=A+1/2p+1, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points (Nosarzewska 1948). This improves on Jarnick's ...

Given an amicable pair (m,n), the quantity sigma(m) = sigma(n) (1) = =s(m)+s(n) (2) = m+n (3) is called the pair sum, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the ...