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The Gosper island (Mandelbrot 1977), also known as a flowsnake (Gardner 1989, p. 41), is a fractal that is a modification of the Koch snowflake. The term "Gosper island" was ...

Let (a)_i be a sequence of complex numbers and let the lower triangular matrices F=(f)_(nk) and G=(g)_(nk) be defined as f_(nk)=(product_(j=k)^(n-1)(a_j+k))/((n-k)!) and ...

A graceful permutation sigma on n letters is a permutation such that {|sigma(i)-sigma(i+1)|:i=1,2,...,n-1}={1,2,...,n-1}. For example, there are four graceful permutations on ...

An edge subdivision is the insertion of a new vertex v_j in the middle of an exiting edge e=v_iv_k accompanied by the joining of the original edge endpoints with the new ...

The group direct sum of a sequence {G_n}_(n=0)^infty of groups G_n is the set of all sequences {g_n}_(n=0)^infty, where each g_n is an element of G_n, and g_n is equal to the ...

An extension of a group H by a group N is a group G with a normal subgroup M such that M=N and G/M=H. This information can be encoded into a short exact sequence of groups ...

The upper central series of a group G is the sequence of groups (each term normal in the term following it) 1=Z_0<=Z_1<=Z_2<=...<=Z_n<=... that is constructed in the ...

A special case of nim played by the following rules. Given a heap of size n, two players alternately select a heap and divide it into two unequal heaps. A player loses when ...

Hackenbush is a game in combinatorial game theory in which player Left can delete any bLue edge, player Right can delete any Red edge, and either player can delete Green ...

The Hadamard product is a representation for the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) as a product over its nontrivial zeros rho, ...