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The number of degrees of freedom in a problem, distribution, etc., is the number of parameters which may be independently varied.

A basis, form, function, etc., in two or more variables is said to be multilinear if it is linear in each variable separately.

The portion of the probability distribution which has a P-value equal to the observed P-value.

A goodness-of-fit test for any statistical distribution. The test relies on the fact that the value of the sample cumulative density function is asymptotically normally ...

Let X_1, ..., X_N be a sequence of independent observations of a random variable X, and let the number of observations N itself be chosen at random. Then Wald's equation ...

Given a random variable x and a probability density function P(x), if there exists an h>0 such that M(t)=<e^(tx)> (1) for |t|<h, where <y> denotes the expectation value of y, ...

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events together with the outcomes' relative likelihoods and distributions. In common ...

The median of a statistical distribution with distribution function D(x) is the value x such D(x)=1/2. For a symmetric distribution, it is therefore equal to the mean. Given ...

The inverse cotangent is the multivalued function cot^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arccotz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Harris and Stocker 1998, p. ...

The arithmetic mean of a set of values is the quantity commonly called "the" mean or the average. Given a set of samples {x_i}, the arithmetic mean is x^_=1/Nsum_(i=1)^Nx_i. ...