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Various forms of opening and closing bracket-like delimiters are used for a number of distinct notational purposes in mathematics. The most common variants of bracket ...

A real-valued stochastic process {B(t):t>=0} is a Brownian motion which starts at x in R if the following properties are satisfied: 1. B(0)=x. 2. For all times ...

A cadlag function is a function, defined on R or a subset of R, that is right continuous and has a left limit. The acronym cadlag comes from the French "continue à droite, ...

A calibration form on a Riemannian manifold M is a differential p-form phi such that 1. phi is a closed form. 2. The comass of phi, sup_(v in ^ ^pTM, |v|=1)|phi(v)| (1) ...

A set of positive integers S is called sum-free if the equation x+y=z has no solutions x, y, z in S. The probability that a random sum-free set S consists entirely of odd ...

Cauchy conditions are initial conditions (time conditions) rather than boundary conditions (space conditions). An initial-value problem is often termed a Cauchy problem. ...

A completely monotonic function is a function f(x) such that (-1)^(-n)f^((n))(x)>=0 for n=0, 1, 2, .... Such functions occur in areas such as probability theory (Feller ...

A completely multiplicative function, sometimes known as linear or totally multiplicative function, is an arithmetic function f(n) such that f(mn)=f(m)f(n) holds for each ...

A complex number may be taken to the power of another complex number. In particular, complex exponentiation satisfies (a+bi)^(c+di)=(a^2+b^2)^((c+id)/2)e^(i(c+id)arg(a+ib)), ...

Two complex numbers x=a+ib and y=c+id are multiplied as follows: xy = (a+ib)(c+id) (1) = ac+ibc+iad-bd (2) = (ac-bd)+i(ad+bc). (3) In component form, ...