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A transformation characterized by an invariant line and a scale factor (one-way stretch) or two invariant lines and corresponding scale factors (two-way stretch).

A submersion is a smooth map f:M->N when dimM>=dimN, given that the differential, or Jacobian, is surjective at every x in M. The basic example of a submersion is the ...

There are two problems commonly known as the subset sum problem. The first ("given sum problem") is the problem of finding what subset of a list of integers has a given sum, ...

Trials for which the Lexis ratio L=sigma/(sigma_B), satisfies L>1, where sigma is the variance in a set of s Lexis trials and sigma_B is the variance assuming Bernoulli ...

Given a sequence of real numbers a_n, the supremum limit (also called the limit superior or upper limit), written lim sup and pronounced 'lim-soup,' is the limit of ...

A tournament sequence is an increasing sequence of positive integers (t_1, t_2, ...) such that t_1=1 and t_(i+1)<=2t_i. Cook and Kleber (2000) show that Meeussen sequences ...

An element of an extension field of a field F which is not algebraic over F. A transcendental number is a complex number which is transcendental over the field Q of rational ...

A sphere of radius 1.

The quantifier "for all" ( forall ), sometimes also known as the "general quantifier."

An abstract machine that is implemented in software is termed a virtual machine.