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Let Q(x)=Q(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) be an integer-valued n-ary quadratic form, i.e., a polynomial with integer coefficients which satisfies Q(x)>0 for real x!=0. Then Q(x) can be ...

A polynomial of the form f(x)=a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_1x+a_0 having coefficients a_i that are all integers. An integer polynomial gives integer values for all integer ...

A differential ideal is an ideal I in the ring of smooth forms on a manifold M. That is, it is closed under addition, scalar multiplication, and wedge product with an ...

Let X be an infinite set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A,B in V(X) be finitary algebras with finitely many operations, and ...

A quantity which remains unchanged under certain classes of transformations. Invariants are extremely useful for classifying mathematical objects because they usually reflect ...

The notion of an inverse is used for many types of mathematical constructions. For example, if f:T->S is a function restricted to a domain S and range T in which it is ...

A semigroup S is said to be an inverse semigroup if, for every a in S, there is a unique b (called the inverse of a) such that a=aba and b=bab. This is equivalent to the ...

The Janko groups are the four sporadic groups J_1, J_2, J_3 and J_4. The Janko group J_2 is also known as the Hall-Janko group. The Janko groups are implemented in the ...

For an algebraic curve, the total number of groups of a g_N^r consisting in a point of multiplicity k_1, one of multiplicity k_2, ..., one of multiplicity k_rho, where sumk_i ...

The composition quotient groups belonging to two composition series of a finite group G are, apart from their sequence, isomorphic in pairs. In other words, if I subset H_s ...