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A surface of revolution obtained by rotating a closed plane curve about an axis parallel to the plane which does not intersect the curve. The simplest toroid is the torus. ...

Given n mutually exclusive events A_1, ..., A_n whose probabilities sum to unity, then P(B)=P(B|A_1)P(A_1)+...+P(B|A_n)P(A_n), where B is an arbitrary event, and P(B|A_i) is ...

A unimodal sequence is a finite sequence that first increases and then decreases. A sequence {s_1,s_2,...,s_n} is unimodal if there exists a t such that s_1<=s_2<=...<=s_t ...

A square with side lengths 1. The unit square usually means the one with coordinates (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) in the real plane, or 0, 1, 1+i, and i in the complex ...

The quantity which a function f takes upon application to a given quantity.

The system of partial differential equations (partial_t+partial_z^3+partial_(z^_)^3)v+partial_z(uv)+partial_(z^_)(vw) (1) partial_(z^_)u=3partial_zv (2) ...

Let H=l^2, (alpha_n) be a bounded sequence of complex numbers, and (xi_n) be the (usual) standard orthonormal basis of H, that is, (xi_n)(m)=delta_(nm), n,m in N, where ...

A set of three conjectures proposed by Weil in 1942 for extending Riemann hypothesis-like statements to classes of mathematical structures. The conjectures were proved by ...

A k-partite graph is a graph whose graph vertices can be partitioned into k disjoint sets so that no two vertices within the same set are adjacent.

The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...