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A number which is simultaneously square and triangular. Let T_n denote the nth triangular number and S_m the mth square number, then a number which is both triangular and ...

Thurston's conjecture proposed a complete characterization of geometric structures on three-dimensional manifolds. Before stating Thurston's geometrization conjecture in ...

A Turing machine is a theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A Turing machine consists of a ...

Probability and Statistics

The third prime number, which is also the second Fermat prime, the third Sophie Germain prime, and Fibonacci number F_4. It is an Eisenstein prime, but not a Gaussian prime, ...

In identical experiments, an Allais paradox occurs when the addition of an independent event influences choice behavior. Consider the choices in the following table (Kahneman ...

Several differing definitions of almost planar (as well as nearly planar) have been used in the literature (cf. Lipton et al. 2016). For example, Gubser (1996) defines an ...

Andrica's conjecture states that, for p_n the nth prime number, the inequality A_n=sqrt(p_(n+1))-sqrt(p_n)<1 holds, where the discrete function A_n is plotted above. The ...

In most computer programs and computing environments, the precision of any calculation (even including addition) is limited by the word size of the computer, that is, by ...

A paradox mentioned in the Greek work Mechanica, dubiously attributed to Aristotle. Consider the above diagram depicting a wheel consisting of two concentric circles of ...