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A puzzle in which one object is to be converted to another by making a finite number of cuts and reassembling it. The cuts are often, but not always, restricted to straight ...

A pair of conics obtained by expanding an equation in Monge's form z=F(x,y) in a Maclaurin series z = z(0,0)+z_1x+z_2y+1/2(z_(11)x^2+2z_(12)xy+z_(22)y^2)+... (1) = ...

If A is an n×n square matrix and lambda is an eigenvalue of A, then the union of the zero vector 0 and the set of all eigenvectors corresponding to eigenvalues lambda is ...

There are two similar but distinct concepts related to equidecomposability: "equidecomposable" and "equidecomposable by dissection." The difference is in that the pieces ...

An estimator is a rule that tells how to calculate an estimate based on the measurements contained in a sample. For example, the sample mean x^_ is an estimator for the ...

A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

The extended complex plane is the name given to the complex plane with a point at infinity attached: C union {infty^~}, where infty^~ denotes complex infinity. It is also ...

Since |(a+ib)(c+id)| = |a+ib||c+di| (1) |(ac-bd)+i(bc+ad)| = sqrt(a^2+b^2)sqrt(c^2+d^2), (2) it follows that (a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2) = (ac-bd)^2+(bc+ad)^2 (3) = e^2+f^2. (4) This ...

Consider a symmetric triangle wave T(x) of period 2L. Since the function is odd, a_0 = 0 (1) a_n = 0, (2) and b_n = (3) = (32)/(pi^2n^2)cos(1/4npi)sin^3(1/4npi) (4) = ...

Two geometric figures are said to exhibit geometric congruence (or "be geometrically congruent") iff one can be transformed into the other by an isometry (Coxeter and ...