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For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

If n>19, there exists a Poulet number between n and n^2. The theorem was proved in 1965.

The process of approximating a quantity, be it for convenience or, as in the case of numerical computations, of necessity. If rounding is performed on each of a series of ...

Let p(n) be the first prime which follows a prime gap of n between consecutive primes. Shanks' conjecture holds that p(n)∼exp(sqrt(n)). Wolf conjectures a slightly different ...

Let X be a set and S a collection of subsets of X. A subset A subset X is shattered by S if each subset B subset A of A can be expressed as the intersection of A with a ...

A constant-curvature surface which can be given parametrically by x = rcosphi (1) y = rsinphi (2) z = (ln[tan(1/2v)]+a(C+1)cosv)/(sqrt(C)), (3) where phi = ...

When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A solenoidal vector field satisfies del ·B=0 (1) for every vector B, where del ·B is the divergence. If this condition is satisfied, there exists a vector A, known as the ...

A solvable Lie group is a Lie group G which is connected and whose Lie algebra g is a solvable Lie algebra. That is, the Lie algebra commutator series ...

A square matrix U is a special unitary matrix if UU^*=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix and U^* is the conjugate transpose matrix, and the determinant is detU=1. (2) The ...