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A coordinate system which is similar to bispherical coordinates but having fourth-degree surfaces instead of second-degree surfaces for constant mu. The coordinates are given ...

There are three types of boundary conditions commonly encountered in the solution of partial differential equations: 1. Dirichlet boundary conditions specify the value of the ...

The Brent-Salamin formula, also called the Gauss-Salamin formula or Salamin formula, is a formula that uses the arithmetic-geometric mean to compute pi. It has quadratic ...

A coordinate system obtained by inversion of the bicyclide coordinates. They are given by the transformation equations x = Lambda/(aUpsilon)snmudnnucospsi (1) y = ...

The central beta function is defined by beta(p)=B(p,p), (1) where B(p,q) is the beta function. It satisfies the identities beta(p) = 2^(1-2p)B(p,1/2) (2) = ...

The functions describing the horizontal and vertical positions of a point on a circle as a function of angle (cosine and sine) and those functions derived from them: cotx = ...

A congruent number can be defined as an integer that is equal to the area of a rational right triangle (Koblitz 1993). Numbers (a,x,y,z,t) such that {x^2+ay^2=z^2; ...

A set of n variables which fix a geometric object. If the coordinates are distances measured along perpendicular axes, they are known as Cartesian coordinates. The study of ...

A cusp form is a modular form for which the coefficient c(0)=0 in the Fourier series f(tau)=sum_(n=0)^inftyc(n)e^(2piintau) (1) (Apostol 1997, p. 114). The only entire cusp ...

Consider two cylinders as illustrated above (Hubbell 1965) where the cylinders have radii r_1 and r_2 with r_1<=r_2, the larger cylinder is oriented along the z-axis, and ...