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For a plane curve, the tangential angle phi is defined by rhodphi=ds, (1) where s is the arc length and rho is the radius of curvature. The tangential angle is therefore ...

A tube of radius r of a set gamma is the set of points at a distance r from gamma. In particular, if gamma(t) is a regular space curve whose curvature does not vanish, then ...

Let X be a set of urelements that contains the set N of natural numbers, and let V(X) be a superstructure whose individuals are in X. Let V(^*X) be an enlargement of V(X), ...

A type of maximal Abelian subgroup.

There are at least three definitions of "groupoid" currently in use. The first type of groupoid is an algebraic structure on a set with a binary operator. The only ...

The term metric signature refers to the signature of a metric tensor g=g_(ij) on a smooth manifold M, a tool which quantifies the numbers of positive, zero, and negative ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...

A class of formal series expansions in derivatives of a distribution Psi(t) which may (but need not) be the normal distribution function Phi(t)=1/(sqrt(2pi))e^(-t^2/2) (1) ...

A problem sometimes known as Moser's circle problem asks to determine the number of pieces into which a circle is divided if n points on its circumference are joined by ...

A coincidence is a surprising concurrence of events, perceived as meaningfully related, with no apparent causal connection (Diaconis and Mosteller 1989). Given a large number ...