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A trimagic cube is a magic cube that remains magic when all its numbers are both squared and cubed. Only two trimagic cubes are known. The first trimagic cube was found by C. ...

An order-n Costas array is a permutation on {1,...,n} such that the distances in each row of the triangular difference table are distinct. For example, the permutation ...

Calculus of variations can be used to find the curve from a point (x_1,y_1) to a point (x_2,y_2) which, when revolved around the x-axis, yields a surface of smallest surface ...

To pick a random point on the surface of a unit sphere, it is incorrect to select spherical coordinates theta and phi from uniform distributions theta in [0,2pi) and phi in ...

Let {p_n(x)} be orthogonal polynomials associated with the distribution dalpha(x) on the interval [a,b]. Also let rho=c(x-x_1)(x-x_2)...(x-x_l) (for c!=0) be a polynomial of ...

The highest power in a univariate polynomial is known as its degree, or sometimes "order." For example, the polynomial P(x)=a_nx^n+...+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0 is of degree n, denoted ...

An important and fundamental axiom in set theory sometimes called Zermelo's axiom of choice. It was formulated by Zermelo in 1904 and states that, given any set of mutually ...

A free idempotent monoid is a monoid that satisfies the identity x^2=x and is generated by a set of elements. If the generating set of such a monoid is finite, then so is the ...

One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = a(1+cosv)cosu (1) y = a(1+cosv)sinu (2) z = asinv, (3) corresponding to the torus with a=c. It has ...

One of the numbers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The set of integers forms a ring that is denoted Z. A given integer n may be negative (n in Z^-), nonnegative (n in Z^*), zero ...