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The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

In practice, the vertical offsets from a line (polynomial, surface, hyperplane, etc.) are almost always minimized instead of the perpendicular offsets. This provides a ...

A macron is a bar placed over a single symbol or character, such as x^_. The symbol z^_ is sometimes used to denote the following operations: 1. The complex conjugate z^_. 2. ...

The McLaughlin graph is a 112-regular graph on 275 nodes and 15400 edges that can be constructed from the Witt design. It is distance-regular with intersection array ...

A function f:X->R is measurable if, for every real number a, the set {x in X:f(x)>a} is measurable. When X=R with Lebesgue measure, or more generally any Borel measure, then ...

There are four fixed points (mod 1) of Minkowski's question mark function ?(x), namely x=0, 1/2, f and 1-f, where f<1/2 is a constant known as the Minkowski-Bower constant ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...

Nonparametric estimation is a statistical method that allows the functional form of a fit to data to be obtained in the absence of any guidance or constraints from theory. As ...

Let u_(p) be a unit tangent vector of a regular surface M subset R^3. Then the normal curvature of M in the direction u_(p) is kappa(u_(p))=S(u_(p))·u_(p), (1) where S is the ...

An obelisk is a stone pillar erected as a monument that usually consists of a pyramid atop a tall square (or sometimes rectangular base). The elongated square pyramid can ...