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A cyclic number is an (n-1)-digit integer that, when multiplied by 1, 2, 3, ..., n-1, produces the same digits in a different order. Cyclic numbers are generated by the full ...

A dissection fallacy is an apparent paradox arising when two plane figures with different areas seem to be composed by the same finite set of parts. In order to produce this ...

The matrix decomposition of a square matrix A into so-called eigenvalues and eigenvectors is an extremely important one. This decomposition generally goes under the name ...

An embedding is a representation of a topological object, manifold, graph, field, etc. in a certain space in such a way that its connectivity or algebraic properties are ...

Let L be an extension field of K, denoted L/K, and let G be the set of automorphisms of L/K, that is, the set of automorphisms sigma of L such that sigma(x)=x for every x in ...

Chvátal defines the term hole to mean "a chordless cycle of length at least four." The restriction "of length at least four" allows use of the term "hole" regardless of if ...

Let (a)_i and (b)_i be sequences of complex numbers such that b_j!=b_k for j!=k, and let the lower triangular matrices F=(f)_(nk) and G=(g)_(nk) be defined as ...

There are several types of numbers that are commonly termed "lucky numbers." The first is the lucky numbers of Euler. The second is obtained by writing out all odd numbers: ...

A projection which maps a sphere (or spheroid) onto a plane. Map projections are generally classified into groups according to common properties (cylindrical vs. conical, ...

Matrix diagonalization is the process of taking a square matrix and converting it into a special type of matrix--a so-called diagonal matrix--that shares the same fundamental ...