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In celestial mechanics, the fixed path a planet traces as it moves around the sun is called an orbit. When a group G acts on a set X (this process is called a group action), ...

A real vector bundle pi:E->M has an orientation if there exists a covering by trivializations U_i×R^k such that the transition functions are vector space ...

The fractal-like two-dimensional function f(x,y)=((x^2-y^2)sin((x+y)/a))/(x^2+y^2). The function is named for the appearance of a butterfly-like pattern centered around the ...

Every finite group G of order greater than one possesses a finite series of subgroups, called a composition series, such that I<|H_s<|...<|H_2<|H_1<|G, where H_(i+1) is a ...

A square matrix A is called diagonally dominant if |A_(ii)|>=sum_(j!=i)|A_(ij)| for all i. A is called strictly diagonally dominant if |A_(ii)|>sum_(j!=i)|A_(ij)| for all i. ...

In real and functional analysis, equicontinuity is a concept which extends the notion of uniform continuity from a single function to collection of functions. Given ...

The exterior derivative of a function f is the one-form df=sum_(i)(partialf)/(partialx_i)dx_i (1) written in a coordinate chart (x_1,...,x_n). Thinking of a function as a ...

Given five equal disks placed symmetrically about a given center, what is the smallest radius r for which the radius of the circular area covered by the five disks is 1? The ...

The kth power of a graph G is a graph with the same set of vertices as G and an edge between two vertices iff there is a path of length at most k between them (Skiena 1990, ...

The placement of objects so that they touch in some specified manner, often inside a container with specified properties. For example, one could consider a sphere packing, ...