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The word "pole" is used prominently in a number of very different branches of mathematics. Perhaps the most important and widespread usage is to denote a singularity of a ...

The word polytope is used to mean a number of related, but slightly different mathematical objects. A convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of ...

A power series in a variable z is an infinite sum of the form sum_(i=0)^inftya_iz^i, where a_i are integers, real numbers, complex numbers, or any other quantities of a given ...

A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q are integers and q!=0. A rational number p/q is said to have numerator p and denominator ...

The roots (sometimes also called "zeros") of an equation f(x)=0 are the values of x for which the equation is satisfied. Roots x which belong to certain sets are usually ...

When discussing a rotation, there are two possible conventions: rotation of the axes, and rotation of the object relative to fixed axes. In R^2, consider the matrix that ...

A simple group is a group whose only normal subgroups are the trivial subgroup of order one and the improper subgroup consisting of the entire original group. Simple groups ...

The standard deviation sigma of a probability distribution is defined as the square root of the variance sigma^2, sigma = sqrt(<x^2>-<x>^2) (1) = sqrt(mu_2^'-mu^2), (2) where ...

A test used to determine the statistical significance of an observation. Two main types of error can occur: 1. A type I error occurs when a false negative result is obtained ...

Angle addition formulas express trigonometric functions of sums of angles alpha+/-beta in terms of functions of alpha and beta. The fundamental formulas of angle addition in ...