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Triskaidekaphobia is the fear of 13, a number commonly associated with bad luck in Western culture. While fear of the number 13 can be traced back to medieval times, the word ...

A cellular automaton is a collection of "colored" cells on a grid of specified shape that evolves through a number of discrete time steps according to a set of rules based on ...

The Thue-Morse sequence, also called the Morse-Thue sequence or Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence (Allouche and Cosnard 2000), is one of a number of related sequences of numbers ...

The word "base" in mathematics is used to refer to a particular mathematical object that is used as a building block. The most common uses are the related concepts of the ...

The factorization of a number into its constituent primes, also called prime decomposition. Given a positive integer n>=2, the prime factorization is written ...

A random matrix is a matrix of given type and size whose entries consist of random numbers from some specified distribution. Random matrix theory is cited as one of the ...

Given a pick-7 lottery with 23 numbers that pays a prize to anyone matching at least 4 of the 7 numbers, there is a set of 253 tickets that guarantees a win. This set ...

The Bernoulli numbers B_n are a sequence of signed rational numbers that can be defined by the exponential generating function x/(e^x-1)=sum_(n=0)^infty(B_nx^n)/(n!). (1) ...

An affine variety V is an algebraic variety contained in affine space. For example, {(x,y,z):x^2+y^2-z^2=0} (1) is the cone, and {(x,y,z):x^2+y^2-z^2=0,ax+by+cz=0} (2) is a ...

An array is a "list of lists" with the length of each level of list the same. The size (sometimes called the "shape") of a d-dimensional array is then indicated as ...