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An odd power is a number of the form m^n for m>0 an integer and n a positive odd integer. The first few odd powers are 1, 8, 27, 32, 64, 125, 128, 216, 243, 343, 512, ... ...

A symbol used to distinguish one quantity x^' ("x prime") from another related x. Prime marks are most commonly used to denote 1. Transformed coordinates, 2. Conjugate ...

A root-finding method which was among the most popular methods for finding roots of univariate polynomials in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was invented independently by ...

There are a number of mathematical curves that produced heart shapes, some of which are illustrated above. A "zeroth" curve is a rotated cardioid (whose name means ...

The doublestruck capital letter Z, Z, denotes the ring of integers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The symbol derives from the German word Zahl, meaning "number" (Dummit and Foote ...

The term "snark" was first popularized by Gardner (1976) as a class of minimal cubic graphs with edge chromatic number 4 and certain connectivity requirements. (By Vizing's ...

The operator I^~ which takes a real number to the same real number I^~r=r.

The number of digits D in an integer n is the number of numbers in some base (usually 10) required to represent it. The numbers 1 to 9 are therefore single digits, while the ...

The genus gamma(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of handles that must be added to the plane to embed the graph without any crossings. A graph with genus 0 is embeddable ...

The sequence a(n) given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing n, i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...