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A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

Given n matches (i.e., rigid unit line segments), find the number of topologically distinct planar arrangements which can be made (Gardner 1991). In this problem, two matches ...

The tetragonal trapezohedron is the dual of the square antiprism. For a square antiprism with unit edge lengths, the edge lengths of the corresponding tetragonal ...

In general, the word "complement" refers to that subset F^' of some set S which excludes a given subset F. Taking F and its complement F^' together then gives the whole of ...

A Ferrers diagram represents partitions as patterns of dots, with the nth row having the same number of dots as the nth term in the partition. The spelling "Ferrars" (Skiena ...

In complex analysis, a branch (also called a sheet) is a portion of the range of a multivalued function over which the function is single-valued. Combining all the sheets ...

A lattice L is said to be oriented if there exists a rule which assigns a specified direction to any edge connecting arbitrary lattice points x_i,x_j in L. In that way, an ...

The cube is the Platonic solid composed of six square faces that meet each other at right angles and has eight vertices and 12 edges. It is also the uniform polyhedron with ...

A C^infty function is a function that is differentiable for all degrees of differentiation. For instance, f(x)=e^(2x) (left figure above) is C^infty because its nth ...

A 15_3 configuration of 15 lines and 15 points, with three lines through three points, three points on every line, and containing no triangles. It is illustrated above in two ...