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Given the Mertens function defined by M(n)=sum_(k=1)^nmu(k), (1) where mu(n) is the Möbius function, Stieltjes claimed in an 1885 letter to Hermite that M(x)x^(-1/2) stays ...

Orthogonal polynomials are classes of polynomials {p_n(x)} defined over a range [a,b] that obey an orthogonality relation int_a^bw(x)p_m(x)p_n(x)dx=delta_(mn)c_n, (1) where ...

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events together with the outcomes' relative likelihoods and distributions. In common ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

An unfolding is the cutting along edges and flattening out of a polyhedron to form a net. Determining how to unfold a polyhedron into a net is tricky. For example, cuts ...

Probability and Statistics

A (-1,0,1)-matrix is a matrix whose elements consist only of the numbers -1, 0, or 1. The number of distinct (-1,0,1)-n×n matrices (counting row and column permutations, the ...

The number 10 (ten) is the basis for the decimal system of notation. In this system, each "decimal place" consists of a digit 0-9 arranged such that each digit is multiplied ...

1729 is sometimes called the Hardy-Ramanujan number. It is the smallest taxicab number, i.e., the smallest number which can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in two ...

Place a point somewhere on a line segment. Now place a second point and number it 2 so that each of the points is in a different half of the line segment. Continue, placing ...