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Let i_k(G) be the number of irredundant sets of size k in a graph G, then the irredundance polynomial R_G(x) of G in the variable x is defined as ...

An asymptotic series is a series expansion of a function in a variable x which may converge or diverge (Erdélyi 1987, p. 1), but whose partial sums can be made an arbitrarily ...

In general, "a" calculus is an abstract theory developed in a purely formal way. "The" calculus, more properly called analysis (or real analysis or, in older literature, ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

A function is a relation that uniquely associates members of one set with members of another set. More formally, a function from A to B is an object f such that every a in A ...

The fundamental theorem(s) of calculus relate derivatives and integrals with one another. These relationships are both important theoretical achievements and pactical tools ...

The Gaussian integral, also called the probability integral and closely related to the erf function, is the integral of the one-dimensional Gaussian function over ...

In combinatorial logic minimization, a device known as a Karnaugh map is frequently used. It is similar to a truth table, but the various variables are represented along two ...

Let z=re^(itheta)=x+iy be a complex number, then inequality |(zexp(sqrt(1-z^2)))/(1+sqrt(1-z^2))|<=1 (1) holds in the lens-shaped region illustrated above. Written explicitly ...

The standard Lorentzian inner product on R^4 is given by -dx_0^2+dx_1^2+dx_2^2+dx_3^2, (1) i.e., for vectors v=(v_0,v_1,v_2,v_3) and w=(w_0,w_1,w_2,w_3), ...