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There are two sorts of transforms known as the fractional Fourier transform. The linear fractional Fourier transform is a discrete Fourier transform in which the exponent is ...

The term "(a,b)-leaper" (sometimes explicitly called a "single-pattern leaper") describes a fairy chess piece such as a knight that may make moves which simultaneously change ...

A maximal independent vertex set of a graph is an independent vertex set that cannot be expanded to another independent vertex set by addition of any vertex in the graph. A ...

The nth k-statistic k_n is the unique symmetric unbiased estimator of the cumulant kappa_n of a given statistical distribution, i.e., k_n is defined so that <k_n>=kappa_n, ...

Select three points at random on the circumference of a unit circle and find the distribution of areas of the resulting triangles determined by these three points. The first ...

A discrete function A(n,k) is called closed form (or sometimes "hypergeometric") in two variables if the ratios A(n+1,k)/A(n,k) and A(n,k+1)/A(n,k) are both rational ...

The mean triangle area of a triangle picked inside a regular n-gon of unit area is A^__n=(9cos^2omega+52cosomega+44)/(36n^2sin^2omega), (1) where omega=2pi/n (Alikoski 1939; ...

The diagonal slash "/" used as the bar between numerator and denominator of an in-line fraction (Bringhurst 1997, p. 284). The solidus is also called a diagonal. Special care ...

There are (at least) two mathematical constants associated with Theodorus. The first Theodorus's constant is the elementary algebraic number sqrt(3), i.e., the square root of ...

A run is a sequence of more than one consecutive identical outcomes, also known as a clump. Let R_p(r,n) be the probability that a run of r or more consecutive heads appears ...