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A quadrilateral whose consecutive sides have the lengths a_1b_3, a_3b_2, a_2b_3, a_3b_1, where a_1^2+a_2^2=a_3^2 (1) and b_1^2+b_2^2=b_3^2. (2) Brahmagupta's trapezium is a ...

A braid is an intertwining of some number of strings attached to top and bottom "bars" such that each string never "turns back up." In other words, the path of each string in ...

A braid index is the least number of strings needed to make a closed braid representation of a link. The braid index is equal to the least number of Seifert circles in any ...

The converse of Pascal's theorem, which states that if the three pairs of opposite sides of (an irregular) hexagon meet at three collinear points, then the six vertices lie ...

Let B={b_1,b_2,...} be an infinite Abelian semigroup with linear order b_1<b_2<... such that b_1 is the unit element and a<b implies ac<bc for a,b,c in B. Define a Möbius ...

The Brent-Salamin formula, also called the Gauss-Salamin formula or Salamin formula, is a formula that uses the arithmetic-geometric mean to compute pi. It has quadratic ...

The second part of Pollard rho factorization method concerns detection of the fact that a sequence has become periodic. Pollard's original suggestion was to use the idea ...

Brent's method is a root-finding algorithm which combines root bracketing, bisection, and inverse quadratic interpolation. It is sometimes known as the van ...

An n-bridge knot is a knot with bridge number n. The set of 2-bridge knots is identical to the set of rational knots. If L is a 2-bridge knot, then the BLM/Ho polynomial Q ...

The least number of unknotted arcs lying above the plane in any projection. The knot 05-002 has bridge number 2. Such knots are called 2-bridge knots. There is a one-to-one ...