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The Randić matrix A_(Randic) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=1/(sqrt(d_id_j)), (1) where d_i are the vertex degrees of the graph. In ...

An axiom is a proposition regarded as self-evidently true without proof. The word "axiom" is a slightly archaic synonym for postulate. Compare conjecture or hypothesis, both ...

A B-spline is a generalization of the Bézier curve. Let a vector known as the knot vector be defined T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, (1) where T is a nondecreasing sequence with t_i in ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

The numbers three and four appear prominently in the game of baseball. There are three strikes for an out, three outs per half-inning (i.e., teams switch after three outs, ...

A binary quadratic form is a quadratic form in two variables having the form Q(x,y)=ax^2+2bxy+cy^2, (1) commonly denoted <a,b,c>. Consider a binary quadratic form with real ...

Gauss stated the reciprocity theorem for the case n=4 x^4=q (mod p) (1) can be solved using the Gaussian integers as ...

Let s(x,y,z) and t(x,y,z) be differentiable scalar functions defined at all points on a surface S. In computer graphics, the functions s and t often represent texture ...

The term Bol loop refers to either of two classes of algebraic loops satisfying the so-called Bol identities. In particular, a left Bol loop is an algebraic loop L which, for ...

A Borel set is an element of a Borel sigma-algebra. Roughly speaking, Borel sets are the sets that can be constructed from open or closed sets by repeatedly taking countable ...