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Let A be a C^*-algebra having no unit. Then A^~=A direct sum C as a vector spaces together with 1. (a,lambda)+(b,mu)=(a+b,lambda+mu). 2. mu(a,lambda)=(mua,mulambda). 3. ...

A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction. It yields true if exactly one (but not both) of two conditions is true. The XOR operation does ...

The fundamental group of an arcwise-connected set X is the group formed by the sets of equivalence classes of the set of all loops, i.e., paths with initial and final points ...

Let there be n ways for a "good" selection and m ways for a "bad" selection out of a total of n+m possibilities. Take N samples and let x_i equal 1 if selection i is ...

A simple group is a group whose only normal subgroups are the trivial subgroup of order one and the improper subgroup consisting of the entire original group. Simple groups ...

A set of identities involving n-dimensional visible lattice points was discovered by Campbell (1994). Examples include product_((a,b)=1; ...

The q-binomial coefficient is a q-analog for the binomial coefficient, also called a Gaussian coefficient or a Gaussian polynomial. A q-binomial coefficient is given by [n; ...

product_(k=1)^(n)(1+yq^k) = sum_(m=0)^(n)y^mq^(m(m+1)/2)[n; m]_q (1) = sum_(m=0)^(n)y^mq^(m(m+1)/2)((q)_n)/((q)_m(q)_(n-m)), (2) where [n; m]_q is a q-binomial coefficient.

A q-series is series involving coefficients of the form (a;q)_n = product_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-aq^k) (1) = product_(k=0)^(infty)((1-aq^k))/((1-aq^(k+n))) (2) = ...

Baxter's four-coloring constant for a triangular lattice is given by C^2 = product_(j=1)^(infty)((3j-1)^2)/((3j-2)(3j)) (1) = 3/(4pi^2)Gamma^3(1/3) (2) = 1.46099848... (3) ...