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The mutual information between two discrete random variables X and Y is defined to be I(X;Y)=sum_(x in X)sum_(y in Y)P(x,y)log_2((P(x,y))/(P(x)P(y))) (1) bits. Additional ...

A nonuniform rational B-spline curve defined by C(t)=(sum_(i=0)^(n)N_(i,p)(t)w_iP_i)/(sum_(i=0)^(n)N_(i,p)(t)w_i), where p is the order, N_(i,p) are the B-spline basis ...

The series which arises in the binomial theorem for negative integer -n, (x+a)^(-n) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(-n; k)x^ka^(-n-k) (1) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(-1)^k(n+k-1; k)x^ka^(-n-k) ...

Let P=a_1x+a_2x^2+... be an almost unit in the integral domain of formal power series (with a_1!=0) and define P^k=sum_(n=k)^inftya_n^((k))x^n (1) for k=+/-1, +/-2, .... If ...

A sequence of numbers alpha_n is said to be uncorrelated if it satisfies lim_(n->infty)1/(2n)sum_(m=-n)^nalpha_m^2=1 lim_(n->infty)1/(2n)sum_(m=-n)^nalpha_malpha_(k+m)=0 for ...

The series sum_(j=1)^(infty)f_j(z) is said to be uniformly Cauchy on compact sets if, for each compact K subset= U and each epsilon>0, there exists an N>0 such that for all ...

Let sum_(n=1)^(infty)u_n(x) be a series of functions all defined for a set E of values of x. If there is a convergent series of constants sum_(n=1)^inftyM_n, such that ...

A shorthand name for a series with the variable k taken to a negative exponent, e.g., sum_(k=1)^(infty)k^(-p), where p>1. p-series are given in closed form by the Riemann ...

A power is an exponent to which a given quantity is raised. The expression x^a is therefore known as "x to the ath power." A number of powers of x are plotted above (cf. ...

The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as n!=n(n-1)...2·1. (1) So, for example, 4!=4·3·2·1=24. An older notation for the factorial was written (Mellin 1909; ...